硼的同位素
外观
10B在天然样品中的含量可低至19.1%,也可以高达20.3%。而剩下的部分才是11B[1]。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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硼(原子量:10.811(7))共有14个已知同位素,质量数介于7-19之间,其中有2个是稳定的,其他都具有放射性。天然存在的硼同位素有2个,分别是10B和11B,皆为稳定同位素。其他放射性同位素都不出现在自然界中,只有在实验室制造出来过,且半衰期都极短,非常不稳定。
图表[编辑]
符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 2] |
衰变 方式[3] |
衰变 产物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率)[n 2] |
相对丰度 的变化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7B | 5 | 2 | 7.02992(8) | 350(50)×10−24 s [1.4(2) MeV] |
p | 6 Be [n 4] |
(3⁄2−) | ||
8B[n 5] | 5 | 3 | 8.0246072(11) | 770(3) ms | β+, α | 2 4 He |
2+ | ||
9B | 5 | 4 | 9.0133288(11) | 800(300)×10−21 s [0.54(21) keV] |
p | 8 Be [n 6] |
3⁄2− | ||
10B | 5 | 5 | 10.0129370(4) | 稳定 | 3+ | 0.199(7) | 0.18929–0.20386 | ||
11 B |
5 | 6 | 11.0093054(4) | 稳定 | 3⁄2− | 0.801(7) | 0.79614–0.81071 | ||
12B | 5 | 7 | 12.0143521(15) | 20.20(2) ms | β− (98.4%) | 12 C |
1+ | ||
β−, α (1.6%) | 8 Be [n 7] | ||||||||
13B | 5 | 8 | 13.0177802(12) | 17.33(17) ms | β− (99.72%) | 13 C |
3⁄2− | ||
β−, n (0.279%) | 12 C | ||||||||
14B | 5 | 9 | 14.025404(23) | 12.5(5) ms | β− (93.96%) | 14 C |
2− | ||
β−, n (6.04%) | 13 C | ||||||||
15B | 5 | 10 | 15.031103(24) | 9.87(7) ms | β−, n (93.6%) | 14 C |
3⁄2− | ||
β− (6.0%) | 15 C | ||||||||
β−, 2n (0.40%) | 13 C | ||||||||
16B | 5 | 11 | 16.03981(6) | <190×10−12 s [<0.1 MeV] |
n | 15 B |
0− | ||
17B[n 8] | 5 | 12 | 17.04699(18) | 5.08(5) ms | β−, n (63.0%) | 16 C |
(3⁄2−) | ||
β− (22.1%) | 17 C | ||||||||
β−, 2n (11.0%) | 15 C | ||||||||
β−, 3n (3.5%) | 14 C | ||||||||
β−, 4n (0.40%) | 13 C | ||||||||
18B | 5 | 13 | 18.05560(22) | <26 ns | n | 17 B |
(4−) | ||
19B[n 8] | 5 | 14 | 19.06417(56) | 2.92(13) ms | β− | 19 C |
(3⁄2−) | ||
20B[4] | 5 | 15 | 20.07451(59) | > 912.4 ys | n | 19 B |
(1−, 2-) | ||
21B[4] | 5 | 16 | 21.08415(60) | > 760 ys | 2n | 19 B |
(3⁄2−) |
- ^ 1.0 1.1 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,仅为理论推测。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
- ^ 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。
- ^ Subsequently decays by double proton emission to 4He for a net reaction of 7B → 4He + 3 1H
- ^ Has 1 halo proton
- ^ immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of 9B → 2 4He + 1H
- ^ Immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of 12B → 3 4He + e−
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Has 2 halo neutrons
硼-8[编辑]
硼-8是一种硼的同位素,会通过β+衰变衰变成铍-8,半衰期771.9毫秒。它有一个质子组成的核晕。[5]虽然太阳中微子只有少部分(80 ppm)源自硼-8的衰变,但硼-8衰变产生的中微子有约10 MeV的高能量,[6]是直接探测暗物质的实验中重要的背景。[7]
← | 同位素列表 | → |
铍的同位素 | 硼的同位素 | 碳的同位素 |
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 1990, 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Leblond, S.; et al. First observation of 20B and 21B. Physical Review Letters. 2018, 121 (26): 262502–1–262502–6. PMID 30636115. S2CID 58602601. arXiv:1901.00455 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.262502.
- ^ Maaß, Bernhard; Müller, Peter; Nörtershäuser, Wilfried; Clark, Jason; Gorges, Christian; Kaufmann, Simon; König, Kristian; Krämer, Jörg; Levand, Anthony; Orford, Rodney; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Savard, Guy; Sommer, Felix. Towards laser spectroscopy of the proton-halo candidate boron-8. Hyperfine Interactions. November 2017, 238 (1): 25. Bibcode:2017HyInt.238...25M. S2CID 254551036. doi:10.1007/s10751-017-1399-5.
- ^ Bellerive, A. Review of solar neutrino experiments. International Journal of Modern Physics A. 2004, 19 (8): 1167–1179. Bibcode:2004IJMPA..19.1167B. S2CID 16980300. arXiv:hep-ex/0312045 . doi:10.1142/S0217751X04019093.
- ^ Cerdeno, David G.; Fairbairn, Malcolm; Jubb, Thomas; Machado, Pedro; Vincent, Aaron C.; Boehm, Celine. Physics from solar neutrinos in dark matter direct detection experiments. JHEP. 2016, 2016 (5): 118. Bibcode:2016JHEP...05..118C. S2CID 55112052. arXiv:1604.01025 . doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2016)118.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素与同位素的稳定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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